1.2  Learning a new language 

Yes, we can learn a language. This implies that there is a cognitive process. This proces is involved in the mind of the human being. It is the process where everything that is being observed is converted into information. The cognitive process allows people to learn things. Because of this all kinds of information can be processed so that people can carry out different skills. One of these skills could be learning a new language.
How would you do this? First find out what your learning style is. Everyone learns differently, especially when it comes to languages. Also pay attention to grammar and pronunciation. These are one of the most important things, besides vocabulary. They are also one of the things that go wrong easily. Something that helped me a lot is watching series and films. I stopped using Dutch subtitles and I switched to English. Sometimes I see an unknown word, but I still understand it because of the context. It is also good to not only hear the words, but see how they are written. 
What would be the difference between learning and acquiring a language? When you talk about acquiring a language, you're talking about a subconscious process. People may not even be aware of the rules of a language they have acquired. When a language has been acquired, it sounds and feels right. There is no conscious effort to follow the rules. This is the complete opposite with learning a language. Learning a language requires a conscious effort. When a language is learned,  a person knows the grammar rules and is aware of whether or not they are being followed. The language learner is able to talk about grammar and correct errors through an examination of these rules. With language acquisition you focus on the meaning and with learning a language you focus on the form. Most language classrooms focus on teaching the rules of language, on language learning. But the ultimate goal for everyone who wants to speak another language should be acquisition.